Helenium amarum, Sneezeweed, Bitterweed ......#4
Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Taken in Hewitt, Texas
Vietnamese named :
Common names : Sneezeweed, Bitterweed, Yellowdick, Yellow Sneezeweed.
Scientist name : Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
Synonyms :
Family : Asteraceae / Aster family.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
(unranked):Angiosperms
(unranked):Eudicots
(unranked):Asterids
Order:Asterales
Tribe:Helenieae
Genus:Helenium
Species:H. amarum
**** www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Helenium+amarum
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenium_amarum
**** www.flowerspictures.org/flower-pictures/helenium-amarum_1...
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=2...
**** www.missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Helenium_amarum_page.html
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/bitterweed.html
Description: This wildflower is a summer annual about ½-2½' tall. A robust plant is unbranched below and abundantly branched above; the stems are light green and hairless (or nearly so). Abundant alternate leaves are located along these stems; they are widely spreading to ascending. Individual leaves are ½-3" and less than 1/8" across; they are simple (non-compound), linear-filiform, sessile, and smooth along their margins. Frequently, these narrow leaves often occur in short axillary clusters (making them appear whorled or palmately lobed); they are light to medium green or grayish blue, glandular-dotted, and hairless (or nearly so).
Flowerheads about ¾" across occur individually on erect peduncles about 1-5" long. Each flowerhead has 5-10 ray florets surrounding numerous tiny disk florets (75 or more); both types of florets are yellow. The petal-like rays become wider toward their tips, where they are 3-toothed; their florets are pistillate and fertile. The disk florets have tubular corollas with 5 tiny teeth along their upper rims; they are perfect and fertile. At the base of each flowerhead, there are several linear-lanceolate bracts (phyllaries) that are light green; they extend downward while the flowerhead is blooming. The blooming period occurs from late summer into the fall and lasts 1½-3 months. Both the disk and ray florets are replaced by small achenes (about 1-1.25 mm. in length) that are reddish brown, oblanceoloid, angular, and hairy. Each achene has a crown of several awned scales at its apex. The root system consists of a short branching taproot. This wildflower spreads into new areas by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is full sun, dry-mesic to dry conditions, and barren ground containing gravel or sand. The lower leaves often wither away before the flowerheads bloom.
Range & Habitat: Bitterweed is occasional in southern Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is rare or absent. Habitats consist of upland prairies, rocky glades, gravelly areas along railroads, roadsides, pastures, and open sandy ground. Bitterweed is somewhat weedy, preferring disturbed areas. It is more common in the southeastern states.
Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract a wide variety of insect visitors, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, skippers, and beetles. The caterpillars of two moths, Papaipema impecuniosa (Aster Borer Moth) and Papaipema rigida (Rigid Sunflower Borer Moth), bore through the stems and roots of Helenium spp., while the larvae of Smicronyx discoideus (Sneezeweed Weevil) feed on the developing achenes. In prairies and other open areas, the Greater Prairie Chicken eats the seeds and/or dried seedheads. Because the foliage is bitter and toxic, it is usually avoided by mammalian herbivores. When dairy cows graze on the foliage of Bitterweed in overgrazed pastures, it provides their milk with a bitter taste. If the foliage is eaten in sufficient quantities, it can kill horses and other domesticated farm animals.
Photographic Location: A flower garden at the Arboretum of the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: This is one of many wildflowers in the Aster family that produces showy yellow flowerheads during the summer and fall. Like other species in its genus, the flowerheads of Bitterweed have very distinctive petal-like rays with broad 3-toothed tips. Bitterweed is also distinguished by its very narrow leaves (less than 1/8" across) that are nearly filiform; they often occur in short clusters along the stems. Other Helenium spp. in Illinois have wider leaves and they prefer habitats that are more damp.
Helenium amarum, Sneezeweed, Bitterweed ......#5
Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Taken in Hewitt, Texas
Vietnamese named :
Common names : Sneezeweed, Bitterweed, Yellowdick, Yellow Sneezeweed.
Scientist name : Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
Synonyms :
Family : Asteraceae / Aster family.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
(unranked):Angiosperms
(unranked):Eudicots
(unranked):Asterids
Order:Asterales
Tribe:Helenieae
Genus:Helenium
Species:H. amarum
**** www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Helenium+amarum
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenium_amarum
**** www.flowerspictures.org/flower-pictures/helenium-amarum_1...
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=2...
**** www.missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Helenium_amarum_page.html
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/bitterweed.html
Description: This wildflower is a summer annual about ½-2½' tall. A robust plant is unbranched below and abundantly branched above; the stems are light green and hairless (or nearly so). Abundant alternate leaves are located along these stems; they are widely spreading to ascending. Individual leaves are ½-3" and less than 1/8" across; they are simple (non-compound), linear-filiform, sessile, and smooth along their margins. Frequently, these narrow leaves often occur in short axillary clusters (making them appear whorled or palmately lobed); they are light to medium green or grayish blue, glandular-dotted, and hairless (or nearly so).
Flowerheads about ¾" across occur individually on erect peduncles about 1-5" long. Each flowerhead has 5-10 ray florets surrounding numerous tiny disk florets (75 or more); both types of florets are yellow. The petal-like rays become wider toward their tips, where they are 3-toothed; their florets are pistillate and fertile. The disk florets have tubular corollas with 5 tiny teeth along their upper rims; they are perfect and fertile. At the base of each flowerhead, there are several linear-lanceolate bracts (phyllaries) that are light green; they extend downward while the flowerhead is blooming. The blooming period occurs from late summer into the fall and lasts 1½-3 months. Both the disk and ray florets are replaced by small achenes (about 1-1.25 mm. in length) that are reddish brown, oblanceoloid, angular, and hairy. Each achene has a crown of several awned scales at its apex. The root system consists of a short branching taproot. This wildflower spreads into new areas by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is full sun, dry-mesic to dry conditions, and barren ground containing gravel or sand. The lower leaves often wither away before the flowerheads bloom.
Range & Habitat: Bitterweed is occasional in southern Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is rare or absent. Habitats consist of upland prairies, rocky glades, gravelly areas along railroads, roadsides, pastures, and open sandy ground. Bitterweed is somewhat weedy, preferring disturbed areas. It is more common in the southeastern states.
Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract a wide variety of insect visitors, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, skippers, and beetles. The caterpillars of two moths, Papaipema impecuniosa (Aster Borer Moth) and Papaipema rigida (Rigid Sunflower Borer Moth), bore through the stems and roots of Helenium spp., while the larvae of Smicronyx discoideus (Sneezeweed Weevil) feed on the developing achenes. In prairies and other open areas, the Greater Prairie Chicken eats the seeds and/or dried seedheads. Because the foliage is bitter and toxic, it is usually avoided by mammalian herbivores. When dairy cows graze on the foliage of Bitterweed in overgrazed pastures, it provides their milk with a bitter taste. If the foliage is eaten in sufficient quantities, it can kill horses and other domesticated farm animals.
Photographic Location: A flower garden at the Arboretum of the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: This is one of many wildflowers in the Aster family that produces showy yellow flowerheads during the summer and fall. Like other species in its genus, the flowerheads of Bitterweed have very distinctive petal-like rays with broad 3-toothed tips. Bitterweed is also distinguished by its very narrow leaves (less than 1/8" across) that are nearly filiform; they often occur in short clusters along the stems. Other Helenium spp. in Illinois have wider leaves and they prefer habitats that are more damp.
Helenium amarum, Sneezeweed, Bitterweed ......#7
Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Taken in Hewitt, Texas
Vietnamese named :
Common names : Sneezeweed, Bitterweed, Yellowdick, Yellow Sneezeweed.
Scientist name : Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
Synonyms :
Family : Asteraceae / Aster family.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
(unranked):Angiosperms
(unranked):Eudicots
(unranked):Asterids
Order:Asterales
Tribe:Helenieae
Genus:Helenium
Species:H. amarum
**** www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Helenium+amarum
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenium_amarum
**** www.flowerspictures.org/flower-pictures/helenium-amarum_1...
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=2...
**** www.missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Helenium_amarum_page.html
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/bitterweed.html
Description: This wildflower is a summer annual about ½-2½' tall. A robust plant is unbranched below and abundantly branched above; the stems are light green and hairless (or nearly so). Abundant alternate leaves are located along these stems; they are widely spreading to ascending. Individual leaves are ½-3" and less than 1/8" across; they are simple (non-compound), linear-filiform, sessile, and smooth along their margins. Frequently, these narrow leaves often occur in short axillary clusters (making them appear whorled or palmately lobed); they are light to medium green or grayish blue, glandular-dotted, and hairless (or nearly so).
Flowerheads about ¾" across occur individually on erect peduncles about 1-5" long. Each flowerhead has 5-10 ray florets surrounding numerous tiny disk florets (75 or more); both types of florets are yellow. The petal-like rays become wider toward their tips, where they are 3-toothed; their florets are pistillate and fertile. The disk florets have tubular corollas with 5 tiny teeth along their upper rims; they are perfect and fertile. At the base of each flowerhead, there are several linear-lanceolate bracts (phyllaries) that are light green; they extend downward while the flowerhead is blooming. The blooming period occurs from late summer into the fall and lasts 1½-3 months. Both the disk and ray florets are replaced by small achenes (about 1-1.25 mm. in length) that are reddish brown, oblanceoloid, angular, and hairy. Each achene has a crown of several awned scales at its apex. The root system consists of a short branching taproot. This wildflower spreads into new areas by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is full sun, dry-mesic to dry conditions, and barren ground containing gravel or sand. The lower leaves often wither away before the flowerheads bloom.
Range & Habitat: Bitterweed is occasional in southern Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is rare or absent. Habitats consist of upland prairies, rocky glades, gravelly areas along railroads, roadsides, pastures, and open sandy ground. Bitterweed is somewhat weedy, preferring disturbed areas. It is more common in the southeastern states.
Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract a wide variety of insect visitors, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, skippers, and beetles. The caterpillars of two moths, Papaipema impecuniosa (Aster Borer Moth) and Papaipema rigida (Rigid Sunflower Borer Moth), bore through the stems and roots of Helenium spp., while the larvae of Smicronyx discoideus (Sneezeweed Weevil) feed on the developing achenes. In prairies and other open areas, the Greater Prairie Chicken eats the seeds and/or dried seedheads. Because the foliage is bitter and toxic, it is usually avoided by mammalian herbivores. When dairy cows graze on the foliage of Bitterweed in overgrazed pastures, it provides their milk with a bitter taste. If the foliage is eaten in sufficient quantities, it can kill horses and other domesticated farm animals.
Photographic Location: A flower garden at the Arboretum of the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: This is one of many wildflowers in the Aster family that produces showy yellow flowerheads during the summer and fall. Like other species in its genus, the flowerheads of Bitterweed have very distinctive petal-like rays with broad 3-toothed tips. Bitterweed is also distinguished by its very narrow leaves (less than 1/8" across) that are nearly filiform; they often occur in short clusters along the stems. Other Helenium spp. in Illinois have wider leaves and they prefer habitats that are more damp.
Helenium amarum, Sneezeweed, Bitterweed ......#6
Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Taken in Hewitt, Texas
Vietnamese named :
Common names : Sneezeweed, Bitterweed, Yellowdick, Yellow Sneezeweed.
Scientist name : Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
Synonyms :
Family : Asteraceae / Aster family.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
(unranked):Angiosperms
(unranked):Eudicots
(unranked):Asterids
Order:Asterales
Tribe:Helenieae
Genus:Helenium
Species:H. amarum
**** www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Helenium+amarum
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenium_amarum
**** www.flowerspictures.org/flower-pictures/helenium-amarum_1...
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=2...
**** www.missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Helenium_amarum_page.html
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/bitterweed.html
Description: This wildflower is a summer annual about ½-2½' tall. A robust plant is unbranched below and abundantly branched above; the stems are light green and hairless (or nearly so). Abundant alternate leaves are located along these stems; they are widely spreading to ascending. Individual leaves are ½-3" and less than 1/8" across; they are simple (non-compound), linear-filiform, sessile, and smooth along their margins. Frequently, these narrow leaves often occur in short axillary clusters (making them appear whorled or palmately lobed); they are light to medium green or grayish blue, glandular-dotted, and hairless (or nearly so).
Flowerheads about ¾" across occur individually on erect peduncles about 1-5" long. Each flowerhead has 5-10 ray florets surrounding numerous tiny disk florets (75 or more); both types of florets are yellow. The petal-like rays become wider toward their tips, where they are 3-toothed; their florets are pistillate and fertile. The disk florets have tubular corollas with 5 tiny teeth along their upper rims; they are perfect and fertile. At the base of each flowerhead, there are several linear-lanceolate bracts (phyllaries) that are light green; they extend downward while the flowerhead is blooming. The blooming period occurs from late summer into the fall and lasts 1½-3 months. Both the disk and ray florets are replaced by small achenes (about 1-1.25 mm. in length) that are reddish brown, oblanceoloid, angular, and hairy. Each achene has a crown of several awned scales at its apex. The root system consists of a short branching taproot. This wildflower spreads into new areas by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is full sun, dry-mesic to dry conditions, and barren ground containing gravel or sand. The lower leaves often wither away before the flowerheads bloom.
Range & Habitat: Bitterweed is occasional in southern Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is rare or absent. Habitats consist of upland prairies, rocky glades, gravelly areas along railroads, roadsides, pastures, and open sandy ground. Bitterweed is somewhat weedy, preferring disturbed areas. It is more common in the southeastern states.
Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract a wide variety of insect visitors, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, skippers, and beetles. The caterpillars of two moths, Papaipema impecuniosa (Aster Borer Moth) and Papaipema rigida (Rigid Sunflower Borer Moth), bore through the stems and roots of Helenium spp., while the larvae of Smicronyx discoideus (Sneezeweed Weevil) feed on the developing achenes. In prairies and other open areas, the Greater Prairie Chicken eats the seeds and/or dried seedheads. Because the foliage is bitter and toxic, it is usually avoided by mammalian herbivores. When dairy cows graze on the foliage of Bitterweed in overgrazed pastures, it provides their milk with a bitter taste. If the foliage is eaten in sufficient quantities, it can kill horses and other domesticated farm animals.
Photographic Location: A flower garden at the Arboretum of the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: This is one of many wildflowers in the Aster family that produces showy yellow flowerheads during the summer and fall. Like other species in its genus, the flowerheads of Bitterweed have very distinctive petal-like rays with broad 3-toothed tips. Bitterweed is also distinguished by its very narrow leaves (less than 1/8" across) that are nearly filiform; they often occur in short clusters along the stems. Other Helenium spp. in Illinois have wider leaves and they prefer habitats that are more damp.
Helenium amarum, Sneezeweed, Bitterweed ......#8
Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Vietnamese named :
Common names :
Scientist name : Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
Synonyms :
Family : Asteraceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
(unranked):Angiosperms
(unranked):Eudicots
(unranked):Asterids
Order:Asterales
Tribe:Helenieae
Genus:Helenium
Species:H. amarum
**** www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Helenium+amarum
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenium_amarum
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/bitterweed.html
**** www.flowerspictures.org/flower-pictures/helenium-amarum_1...
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=2...
**** www.missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Helenium_amarum_page.html
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